You can use an object instead of an array:

var hash = {
  '1': {uid: 1, name: "bla", description: "cucu"},
  '2': {uid: 2, name: "smth else", description: "cucarecu"}
};

The keys are the uids. Now your function addOrReplace is simple like this:

function addOrReplace(hash, object) {
    hash[object.uid] = object;
}

UPDATE

It's also possible to use an object as an index in addition to the array.
This way you've got fast lookups and also a working array:

var arr = [],
    arrIndex = {};

addOrReplace({uid: 1, name: "bla", description: "cucu"});
addOrReplace({uid: 2, name: "smth else", description: "cucarecu"});
addOrReplace({uid: 1, name: "bli", description: "cici"});

function addOrReplace(object) {
    var index = arrIndex[object.uid];
    if(index === undefined) {
        index = arr.length;
        arrIndex[object.uid] = index;
    }
    arr[index] = object;
}

Take a look at the jsfiddle-demo (an object-oriented solution you'll find here)

In your first approach, no need for Lodash thanks to findIndex():

function upsert(array, item) { // (1)
  const i = array.findIndex(_item => _item.id === item.id);
  if (i > -1) array[i] = item; // (2)
  else array.push(item);
}

Example:

const array = [
  {id: 0, name: 'Apple', description: 'fruit'},
  {id: 1, name: 'Banana', description: 'fruit'},
  {id: 2, name: 'Tomato', description: 'vegetable'}
];

upsert(array, {id: 2, name: 'Tomato', description: 'fruit'})
console.log(array);
/* =>
[
  {id: 0, name: 'Apple', description: 'fruit'},
  {id: 1, name: 'Banana', description: 'fruit'},
  {id: 2, name: 'Tomato', description: 'fruit'}
]
*/

upsert(array, {id: 3, name: 'Cucumber', description: 'vegetable'})
console.log(array);
/* =>
[
  {id: 0, name: 'Apple', description: 'fruit'},
  {id: 1, name: 'Banana', description: 'fruit'},
  {id: 2, name: 'Tomato', description: 'fruit'},
  {id: 3, name: 'Cucumber', description: 'vegetable'}
]
*/

(1) other possible names: addOrReplace(), addOrUpdate(), appendOrUpdate(), insertOrUpdate()...

(2) can also be done with array.splice(i, 1, item)

Note that this approach is "mutable" (vs "immutable"): it means instead of returning a new array (without touching the original array), it modifies directly the original array.

I personally do not like solutions that modify the original array/object, so this is what I did:

function addOrReplaceBy(arr = [], predicate, getItem) {
  const index = _.findIndex(arr, predicate);
  return index === -1
    ? [...arr, getItem()]
    : [
      ...arr.slice(0, index),
      getItem(arr[index]),
      ...arr.slice(index + 1)
    ];
}

And you would use it like:

var stuff = [
  { id: 1 },
  { id: 2 },
  { id: 3 },
  { id: 4 },
];

var foo = { id: 2, foo: "bar" };
stuff = addOrReplaceBy(
  stuff,
  { id: foo.id },
  (elem) => ({
    ...elem,
    ...foo
  })
);

What I decided to do was to make it more flexible:

1. By using lodash -> _.findIndex(), the predicate can be multiple things
2. By passing a callback getItem(), you can decide whether to fully replace the item or do some modifications, as I did in my example.

Note: this solution contains some ES6 features such as destructuring, arrow functions, among others.

Maybe

_.mixin({
    mergeById: function mergeById(arr, obj, idProp) {
        var index = _.findIndex(arr, function (elem) {
            // double check, since undefined === undefined
            return typeof elem[idProp] !== "undefined" && elem[idProp] === obj[idProp];
        });

        if (index > -1) {
            arr[index] = obj; 
        } else {
            arr.push(obj);
        }

        return arr;
    }
});

and

var elem = {uid: 3, name: 'new element name name', description: "cocoroco"};

_.mergeById(arr, elem, "uid");

Old post, but why not use the filter function?

// If you find the index of an existing uid, save its index then delete it
//      --- after the filter add the new object.
function addOrReplace( argh, obj ) {
  var index = -1;
  argh.filter((el, pos) => {
    if( el.uid == obj.uid )
      delete argh[index = pos];
    return true;
  });

  // put in place, or append to list
  if( index == -1 ) 
    argh.push(obj);
  else 
    argh[index] = obj;
}

Here is a jsfiddle showing how it works.

What about having the indexes of the array same as the uid?, like:

arr = [];
arr[1] = {uid: 1, name: "bla", description: "cucu"};
arr[2] = {uid: 2, name: "smth else", description: "cucarecu"};

that way you could just simply use

arr[affectedId] = changedObject;